Christmas beetles begin their life cycle as grubs and spend a year underneath the surface of the soil. They feed on decaying organic matter and plant roots. After pupating, adults emerge around mid-November to December and can be spotted feasting on eucalyptus leaves.
Like Christmas decorations hanging from the tree, these iridescent insects can occur in large numbers. Many of the approximately 35 species of Christmas beetles are endemic to our shores. Their colours vary from metallic greens and golds to pinks and browns.
A cultural interest, many of us have a fondness for Christmas beetles. Perhaps childhood memories of the metallic scarabs frolicking in our backyard around Christmastime. The truth is, their bright exterior, calm nature and cheerful name tend to give them top marks in the likability stakes.
There is no compelling research that says Christmas beetles have disappeared altogether. However, there is anecdotal evidence that points to their decline, especially in urban areas. While there can be a natural fluctuation of insect populations over time, in this case, habitat loss is cited as the most likely cause of the beetles' drop in sightings.
Like other insect species, the Christmas beetle appears to be a victim of the urban sprawl.
Declining insect numbers is a growing concern not just in Australia, but across the planet. In fact, in 2018, Australian entomologists gave a grim warning. Following the collation of 73 long-term studies of global insect numbers, they cited that in decades to come, 40 per cent of the world's insect species could become extinct.
If you are a fan of the humble Christmas beetle, there are steps you can take in your backyard and community to provide a more hospitable environment. For tips, click here to visit the Backyard Buddies website, an Australian education initiative.
Australian Museums also has an Xmas Beetle ID Guide App. Free to download, the app can help you discover the wonderful diversity of Australia’s most famous beetles. Visit the Apple Store or Google Play for more information.
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